Applied AI research

Papers on AI

AI that produces reliable results you can trust: symbolic-first architectures with bounded LLM reasoning, and a runnable methodology that keeps machine-assisted work honest.

Two strands. The engineering strand builds production systems — a neuro-symbolic blackboard architecture in which LLMs are bounded heuristics invoked only when deterministic Knowledge Sources cannot resolve ambiguity. The methodology strand is the AI framework we use to keep long-running machine-assisted research programmes consistent: a truth-maintenance system that relocates trust from the fluent generator to an evidence-bound verifier, an adversarial self-registration protocol against sycophancy and post-hoc rationalisation, a record-ledger measurement discipline that stops numerical coincidences masquerading as results, and the epistemology of what a record-keeping system may honestly claim to know.

Looking for our physics? Papers on Physics

Production architecture

The engineering flagship: bounded LLM reasoning in a blackboard architecture, proven in production on a regulated document-analysis workload.

New · July 2026

Bounded LLM Reasoning: A Neuro-Symbolic Blackboard Architecture for Production Document Analysis

David Elliman, Neuro-Symbolic Ltd · July 2026

The engineering flagship of our applied-AI work: a neuro-symbolic blackboard architecture for production document reasoning that reaches perfect ledger reconstruction at roughly one-twenty-ninth the token cost of an orchestrated multi-LLM baseline. Born in TaxBridge, a UK Making Tax Digital compliance engine, it inverts the dominant multi-agent pattern: LLMs are bounded heuristics that fire only when symbolic Knowledge Sources cannot resolve ambiguity. On a 30-workbook adversarial benchmark and a 45-case real-world panel it achieves 100% ledger accuracy against 0% for the four-role LLM debate panel it replaced, at 26× lower latency and 29× lower token use. Symbolic-first with LLM fallback is the defensible architecture for regulated domains.

Keeping machine-assisted work honest

The AI framework we use to maintain consistency in a long-running machine-assisted research programme — truth maintenance against sycophancy, adversarial self-registration against post-hoc rationalisation, and a record-ledger discipline against numerology. The general architecture is now extracted as ClaimLedger: generators propose, a verifier checks admissibility, and only a human commit path applies. Most of these papers also appear in the physics list, because the physics canon is the corpus they are proven on.

New · August 2026 — freezing the corpus before representing it

A Physics Canon as a Replayable Algebraic Object: Verifier-Governed Extraction, Representation, and Minimality Classification

David Elliman, Neuro-Symbolic Ltd · August 2026

The methodology paper behind Algebra Before Bit. A long machine-assisted programme is a corpus, not an answer: definitions move, claims gain and lose support, and a correction in one place can leave an older assertion alive elsewhere. This paper freezes the corpus into a byte-pinned algebraic object before choosing any language to represent it, fixing source inventory, lifecycle grading, equivalence, proof grades and admissible negative landings in advance, so a preregistered test cannot be reverse-engineered. A provenance-tagged classical-kernel construction passes every preregistered test, and the classification then returns a negative: the record and phase skeleton is irreducible and rigid, but an exact proper quotient defeats minimality.

July 2026 — the general architecture

ClaimLedger: Verifier-Governed Claim Maintenance for AI-Assisted Research

David Elliman, Neuro-Symbolic Ltd · July 2026

The general architecture distilled from the truth-maintenance work. ClaimLedger is the reference implementation of Verifier-Governed Claim Maintenance: a generative agent may propose claim-state transitions but cannot promote confidence, erase failures or mutate the authoritative record; a deterministic, evidence-bound verifier checks admissibility, and only a human-controlled commit path applies a transition. The ledger carries claim identities, dependency edges, lifecycle state and an append-only history, under six executable invariants. Eight seeded fault operators are all caught by their assigned verifier layers. It enforces consistency, not truth: a reviewable claim-state machine that stays useful when the generator is unreliable.

Methodology — the runnable tool

Relocating Trust to the Verifier: A Truth-Maintenance System for an AI-Generated Theory of Everything

David Elliman, Neuro-Symbolic Ltd · June 2026

PTMS is a truth-maintenance tool for tracking claims, dependencies, evidence and retractions in an AI-assisted research corpus. Its checks can expose inconsistent references, unsupported status changes and claims relying on retired premises. The reported corpus sizes and check counts describe the paper’s historical snapshot. Passing these checks establishes neither the truth of a physical interpretation nor experimental support for the programme; scientific validation remains a separate task.

Methodology — the measurement rule

From Counts to Observables: A Measurement Discipline for Discrete Record-Based Physics

David Elliman, Neuro-Symbolic Ltd · July 2026

This paper separates a count in a finite model from an observable measured by a calibrated apparatus. Specified instrument models illustrate how a record count can remain invariant while a response changes. A physical application must supply the carrier, interaction, response map and calibration. The fine-structure and gravity examples do not establish those maps: the former numerical agreement depends on a geometry no longer identified with the native substrate, and the gravity identification remains conditional. The contribution is the measurement discipline and its finite examples.

Methodology

Adversarial Self-Registration: A Working Protocol for Keeping a Machine-Assisted Theory Programme Honest

A protocol for recording acceptance criteria, evidence dependencies and failed predictions before interpretation can shift. The paper documents dated examples from the programme. Its procedures make changes and failures inspectable; they cannot certify honesty, correctness or a successful physical theory. The registrations remain historical evidence, while the research branches are frozen.

Methodology

Records Say What Can Be Known: Empirical access, response functionals, and severity in finite information physics

An account of the distinction between a model’s record ledger and empirical access through calibrated response channels. It argues for explicit measurement maps, calibration and tests capable of failing. The fine-structure numerical example belongs to a retired physical identification and does not validate the principle. The contribution is a methodological proposal about assessing finite information models, not a derivation of physical observables or a replacement for quantum theory.

The physics research programme this methodology audits — the finite-QEC substrate canon, its working notes and registered predictions — lives on its own page: Papers on Physics.